As we were beginning to modify our planting beds back in February, we were fortunate enough to have a family friend let us borrow a Honda Rototiller (Model FR800 if you’re curious) to break some ground. When compared to hand hoeing, this tiller was a godsend; but after one 10 hour day of non-stop tilling back in the spring, I was out of commission for a couple of days afterwards.  The Honda certainly had some power to it, but harnessing that power effectively resulted in more fatigue than I could handle.   It was time to explore our options.

An interesting thing I’ve noticed about some farmers (and a lot of dudes) is an almost rabid desire to own giant pieces of machinery.  Someone even told me “if you are going to farm, get a tractor.” Period. Sure, owning a large tractor that I would get to sit on would be the least physically demanding way to go, but could our land (and our bank account) deal with such a purchase? For us, the answer to both questions was a resounding “no”.  Our main area of cultivation is only 3/4 of an acre.  If we provide enough room at the ends of our rows to turn a tractor around, our growing area would be significantly reduced (perhaps even reduced to the point of not necessitating a tractor!).

So a full-on tractor is too big, but an 8hp roto-tiller is too small…fortunately, the tradition of small farms had continued on in Europe through the latter half of the 20th century, and a few manufacturers still produce a tool that falls somewhere in between: the “walk-behind” tractor.

After a few weeks of cogitating, weighing pros and cons and consulting with other, more experienced farmers, we decided that this was the way to go. Depending on the model, a walk-behind tractor can offer more power than even the heaviest duty Honda or Troy-Bilt tiller, but the real value lies in the walk-behind tractor’s versatility.  Although it is oriented to be operated like a tiller, the biggest advantage of a walk-behind tiller is the presence of a PTO (power take off) that allows for any number of implements to be attached.

There are two main manufacturers of “walk-behind” tractors: BCS and Grillo (both in Italy). Peaceful Valley offers a pretty wide range of the BCS tractors, and most of the local mechanics are more familiar with them.  We picked up a 732GX, the smallest of BCS’ “Professional” line, and a 30” tiller attachment.  Besides having an 11hp engine, the BCS is all metal-to-metal direct drive, no belts. This helps maintain torque in tough situations…situations like, say, breaking up rock-laden, clay soil in the Sierra Foothills…?

It took a little while to get used to it, but as you can see in the pictures, the BCS has been able to efficiently handle what I’ve thrown at it so far. I was able to incorporate semi-composted horse bedding into about a third of an acre of previously unworked soil in one morning of work.  The BCS tiller is also a great tool to incorporate cover crop matter into the dirt; our summer buckwheat cover was turned into “organic matter” in just a few minutes. Awesome!  The BCS is also small enough for us to be able to go in and work the soil beds one at a time, and our pre-existing pathways do not need to be adjusted to accommodate its size.

(Aside: for those who might be interested in my method, we wet down the horse bedding as we unloaded it, creating “instant hot compost piles” which we then spread over the area a week or so later. Even though this step is not necessary, given that food won’t come out of here until next May or June, we wanted our winter cover crop to have as much readily available nutrition as possible.  Deeper penetrating roots + greater nitrogen fixing efficiency by legumes = better results for next year’s crops.)

Any cons so far? Given our heavy clay soil, the action of the BCS’s tiller will eventually create an impenetrable layer of hardpan. Luckily, a “subsoiler/ripper” attachment exists, and we already have one on order. This attachment is essentially a single, deep chisel that cuts a groove into the subsoil, allowing roots and other good stuff to penetrate deep into the ground.  I also had a little trouble with the bolts and threaded pieces on the “quick-release hitch” coming undone as a result of vibration, but that was easily fixed with a few drops of red Loctite.

Overall the BCS has shown itself to be just as its long-time proponents described: rugged, dependable, powerful, easy to use.  What is most exciting for us is that we seem to have found a piece of machinery that makes moving forward with the farm project a much more comfortable thought :D

In Eliot Coleman’s book “The New Organic Grower”, he describes an intriguing process of starting seeds. Instead of the traditional plastic containers and flats, he recommends using a tool called a soil blocker. The soil blocker is filled with “blocking mix” and presses out squares with an indent for planting your seed. I was immediately on board with this method. It reduces our plastic consumption and provides a more suitable home for our seeds (less likely to dry out… Read the rest of this article »

Hello all, Everything is going good here at Ellwood Canyon.  With a break in the rainy weather I am making a big push to prepare my next section for planting.  Here is a step by step of the process: 1)Planted peaceful valley’s soil builder cover crop mix in December. 2)Mowed and turned under the cover crop just as it began to flower the 3rd week in February (the flowering stage is when legumes are at their highest nitrogen fixation point). 3)Let the ground sit for a couple weeks to… Read the rest of this article »

With the greenhouse work completed for the moment, I find myself waiting for the next dry stretch.  In the last few breaks in the weather, we were able to weed garlic & strawberries, begin fruit tree planting, and plant out the remainder of our extra-early beds.  I had prepped and mulched over some beds in the fall, and we have just finished seeding, transplanting, and row-covering these beds.  There are two successions of peas and carrots that will likely be ready for the first CSA shares… Read the rest of this article »

The calendar has turned and we are happy to call our straw bale field shed project complete.  Of course, things are never complete, and the interior walls still need to be finished, but the building is winter-ready and is sound and stable.  In addition, we’ve got a 2400’ vegetable field and two orchards planted with cover crop and some additional unplowed field sown with mustard seed, part of our ongoing efforts to amend and improve our soil and improve drainage by breaking through… Read the rest of this article »

Myself being a graduate of the Humboldt State University Soil Science program, I was happy to be approached by one of the professors, Joe Seney, about undertaking a soil mapping project at my farm.  Two groups of students in the Soil 360 class are each digging 20 description pits along 4 transects across the western part of the farm.  They are gathering data down to 100cm on horizon depths, texture, structure, color, pH, and redoximorphic features, and will use these to classify the soil. I myself… Read the rest of this article »

We are in a hurry to finish our straw bale ag building. It is competing with other things we are dying to do, and really NEED to do, the primary thing being to spend time building our soil. But when we choose the day’s activities, we keep spending our time on the stucco, and here is yesterday’s sky to depict why. Dan Read the rest of this article »

I love the field I’m farming ...primarily for it’s town-accessible location, and also for the good drainage over most of the site.  The soils are all loams, with some nearer to clay loams and others almost sandy loams with a bit of gravel.  These changes reflect differing topographic positions across the site, as you move from an old floodplain down a small slope to an ancient river channel. With regard to soil fertility, however, the place could use some help.  Unlike most of the… Read the rest of this article »

We’ve had a week of hot weather, and everything has grown double in size, including the weeds.  Farming in these Sierra foothills can definitely be a lesson in going with the flow, as the weather is so volatile.  Just a few weeks ago our ground was saturated, and now it’s already turning to dust.  I’m worried about the salad mix bolting and watering like crazy already…. But it’s supposed to get cooler the rest of the week, so once again I’ll have to adjust to… Read the rest of this article »